‘VOX populi, vox Dei.’ This is perhaps the most popular aphorism touted by politicians around the world, yet it qualifies as the most unheeded once they take office. As we arrive at our next electoral cycle, it is imperative that we reflect on our democratic processes and consider reforms that could enhance governance and accountability.

Trinidad and Tobago stands at a crossroad in its democratic evolution, so it is imperative to consider meaningful electoral reforms to enhance the integrity of its political system.

1. Two-term limits for the Office of the Prime Minister

This is crucial for preventing the entrenchment of power and fostering political renewal. The 22nd Amendment of the US constitution, which limits the presidency to two terms, has been instrumental in avoiding prolonged incumbency and promoting democratic turnover. We would benefit from term limits to invigorate political competition and reduce the risks of potential corruption associated with extended tenures.

2. Maximum age limit of 72 for electability

This ensures that elected officials maintain the vitality and capacity necessary for effective governance. While age restrictions are less common in many democracies, the argument for a cap is supported by concerns about cognitive decline and physical stamina; vis-à-vis the current issue with US President Joe Biden.

This reform aligns the needs of contemporary governance with the abilities of its leaders, fostering a more dynamic political environment.

3. Fixed election dates

Fixed election dates provide stability and predictability, essential for a well-functioning and well-informed democracy. Fixed electoral schedules reduce political uncertainty and strategic manipulation of election timings.

Adopting a fixed schedule enhances electoral fairness and allows for better preparation and planning by stakeholders.

It symbolises a level of respect for the electorate and denies politicians the ability (and power) to have these dates in their ‘back pocket’, to quote a famous politician.

4. Pre-election debates

Mandatory pre-election debates are pivotal for ensuring informed voter choices. The UK and US have long utilised debates to allow voters to evaluate the policy positions and capabilities of candidates. This improves the transparency of our electoral process and provides voters with a clearer understanding of their choices. Political parties currently engage in a series of independent public monologues where unstructured rants and mauvaise langue rhetoric are allowed to go unchecked. A structured debate facilitates a topic-based dialogue, airing views from both parties in a single forum, thereby contributing towards a more informed decision.

5. Referendums for major national decisions

This can bolster democratic legitimacy and public engagement. Extensive use of direct democracy through referendums ensures that major policy changes reflect the electorate’s will. Incorporating referendums for substantial policy decisions enhances public participation and aligns policy outcomes with the will of the people.

6. Ministerial performance evaluation

Despite public outcry, there are currently no mechanisms for removing under-performing ministers. Regular performance evaluations for ministers are essential for maintaining accountability and improving governance. Parliamentary committees with performance review models for ensuring that ministers are held accountable would promote accountability and encourage continuous improvement within the government.

7. Campaign finance transparency

This is vital for reducing corruption and ensuring fair elections. Various European democracies enforce strict transparency rules by implementing comprehensive campaign finance regulations, including detailed disclosure of contributions and expenditures. This enhances electoral integrity and public trust.

8. Ministerial codes of conduct

A robust ministerial code of conduct is crucial for maintaining ethical standards in governance. Countries such as New Zealand have effective codes that set clear behavioural expectations for public officials. Developing and enforcing a similar code would promote integrity professionalism and restore public confidence in political leaders.

9. ‘None of the above’ voting option

This empowers the electorate to express their dissatisfaction with the available candidates or parties. It is utilised in democracies such as Spain and India, offering a mechanism for voters to signal discontent with the choices presented. Electoral discontentment means either voting for the ‘tallest dwarf’ or just not vote at all. This option would enhance voter agency and reflect a more nuanced understanding of public sentiment. Politicians can no longer claim there was just low voter turnout.

These proposed reforms offer a blueprint for strengthening our democratic institutions. By adopting these measures, Trinidad and Tobago can ensure a more accountable, transparent and dynamic political system.

A Grant Port of Spain